![]() It is manufactured by either partial combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions to yield a variety of CB grades with various properties (e.g., specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity, and color). The largest use of CB is as a reinforcing agent in vehicle tires and rubber automotive products, while other common, everyday products that often contain CB include inks, paints, plastics, and coatings. CB has numerous applications in a variety of commercial and consumer products. CB is a manufactured product that has been in commerce for over a century and consists of a fine black powder of nearly pure elemental carbon (EC). Maryam Ahmadzadeh Tofighy, Toraj Mohammadi, in Carbon-Based Nanofillers and Their Rubber Nanocomposites, 2019 9.2.1 Carbon BlackĬB, composed of spherical particles, has been known as one of the most widely used carbon fillers because of its predominant electrical property, low cost, and abundance. Moreover, the effect of doping on catalytic activity of CB required further studies for better understanding of insight mechanism. Despite having various important features, the durability of CB-based electrocatalyst is yet to be fully explored for MFCs. The higher electrochemical activity of N-doped CB was attributed to higher electroactive surface area and its mesoporous surface structure. They observed that the MFC cathode developed with N-doped CB shows 2.2 times higher maximum power density th simple CB. also developed nitrogen-doped CB for ORR in MFCs. The MFCs coupled with BP-NF electrocatalyst show maximum power density of 672 mW/m 2, which is higher than those coupled with commercial Pt/C (572 mW/m 2) as well as those coupled with BP-N (588 mW/m 2) or BP-F (524 mW/m 2). N–F-doped CB (BP–NF) exhibited excellent ORR performance compared with single BP-N or BP-F ( Fig. 3.4.3). ![]() ![]() synthesized nitrogen and fluorine co-doped CB via pyrolysis of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and BP-2000 in the presence of ammonia. Moreover, the heteroatom-doped CB has also received huge attention as electrocatalyst toward ORR in MFCs. Moreover, the combination of CB with iron phthalocyanine can further reduce the overpotential to 600 mV and provide fourfold increase in power density compared with carbon paper (CP). reported that the use of commercial CB can reduce the overpotential up to 270 mV compared with glassy carbon electrode. In addition, to treated CB, its combination with other materials could also facilitate higher catalytic performance toward ORR. For this case the excellent catalytic performance of modified CB was attributed to oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) containing functional group. Electrochemical investigations reveal that modified CB shows a maximum power density of 1788 mW/m 3, which is 71% of Pt/C. also reported a similar study in which CB powder modified with HNO 3 and ammonia gas was used as ORR electrocatalysts in MFCs. They observed that HNO 3-treated CB shows much higher performance than untreated CB and slightly lower performance than Pt/C. studied the catalytic activity of HNO 3-treated CB for ORR in a single-chamber MFC. Various grades of carbon with varying physiochemical properties are available in the market. However, the chemical treatment or functionalization may enhance the number of active sites, which therefore make CB a metal-free ORR catalyst. However, CB shows inferior electrocatalytic properties compared with Pt and other precious metal electrocatalysts. CB is generally used as a reinforcing and support material for metal catalyst due to its higher electrical conductivity, high surface area, and stability. ![]() ![]() Gautam, Anil Verma, in Microbial Electrochemical Technology, 2019 3.4.5.1.1 Carbon BlackĬarbon black (CB) is derived via thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum products. ![]()
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